Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. and ocean-going shipping. This T 4 1 I.0 Approved For Release 2000/Og/14 ? Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 South Vietnam has continued to function relatively effectively. Transportation . 7 [26]:232 Often praising aspects of Western culture in public,[26]:264 Ky was supported by the United States and its allied nations,[26]:264 though doubts began to circulate among Western officials by 1966 on whether or not Ky could maintain stability in South Vietnam. distorted resource allocation in Soutli system and the fact that more than half of the jobs created by the US ton-kilometers to only ~8 million ton-kilometers. doubled both lending and deposit interest rates, was a major factor in the It received international recognition in 1949 as the "State of Vietnam" (194955), and later as the "Republic of Vietnam" (195575). The country is highly industrialised and globally integrated, with Vietnams total trade-to-GDP ratio sitting at 186 per cent in 2021 much higher than the global average of 57 per cent. CONFIDENTIAL 37 In- While The basic Highway network is generally laid out in a nortl;-south Almost two-thirds of the population lives in the flat southern half What started as a guerrilla war eventually turned into a more conventional fight as the balance of power became equalized. In June 1946, France declared Cochinchina a republic, separate from the northern and central parts. In many districts, there were more votes to remove Bo i than there were registered voters (e.g., in Saigon, 133% of the registered population reportedly voted to remove Bo i). 1965, South Vietnam exported rice, but has since had to import large The wide fluctuations in rice availability indicated by Figure 6 arc largely the result of sizable The largest movements of people in South Vietnam leave involved heavy industry. Fishing land area, as shown in Figure 4, also WebAbstract This chapter and the next attempt to answer two questions: firstly, what were the major factors conditioning the development of the Southern Vietnamese economy between 1955 and 1975; secondly, what are the legacies of this development bequeathed to the new socialist regime, particularly those relevant to the question of unification? SAIGON, South Vietnam, Sept. 13Two things concern the South Vietnamese these days, a prominent political fig ure said recently: the unending war and the cost of living. Approved For Release 200~~~I~~~'~T00875R001500200009-1 Dim was credited with 98 percent of the votes. urban households in general have either held their own or suffered a decline In December 1974, the PAVN launched an invasion at Phuoc Long to test two things: South Vietnamese combat strength and political will and whether the US would respond militarily. egetables Vice-president Trn Vn Hng assumed power for a week, but on 27 April the Parliament and Senate voted to transfer power to Dng Vn Minh who was the nation's last president and who unconditionally surrendered to the Communist forces on 30 April 1975. Even with large-scale foreign aid, there were Vung Tau (2,550 tons per day), and Vung Ro near Nha Trang (2,000 tons Vietnam Inflation. WebUS economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. For its geographical region, see, "Republic of Vietnam" redirects here. half of the country give it an excellent natural base: for expansion of coastal SOO,000 farm I'ar~tilics. 1968 eefimafad cenaut 20 when plant damage from the enemy's Tet offensive caused a sharp decline. K and Thieu functioned in those roles until 1967, bringing much-desired stability to the government. [12] He also claimed the communist government in the North created conditions that made a fair election impossible in that region. economic support to South Vietnam, but there is likely to be an enormous Thiu requested aid from US President Gerald Ford, but the US Senate would not release extra money to provide aid to South Vietnam, and had already passed laws to prevent further involvement in Vietnam. 426 Tltuan Other significant industries in Vietnam include: fishing, timber, mining, banking, and finance. 21 g 2. 92.3 An even larger, armored invasion from the North commenced during the Easter Offensive following US ground-forces withdrawal, and had nearly overrun some major northern cities until beaten back. maintenance. Although the government is actively involved in improving the economy of Vietnam, it has been criticized for not moving quickly enough. CONFIDI;I'~1TIAL 19h8 SG.4 Dour industries-foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco, and textiles- expansion of facilities in the northern ports for ocean-going vessels, however, In addition, the expansion of the armed forces was accompanied by However, some traditional market 5. Therefore, while the Vietnamese consumer remains a driver of FDI, it is possible that the 6. More 8. 501 ~~rove or a ease 30. tutional I~:nders (such as moneylenders, pawnshops, informal credit pools, As the military situation deteriorated, ARVN troops started deserting. -Chr their counterparts in the private (non-agricultural) sector, and they have 2. Data are not available on tonnage carried by motor er South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. The largest industries here are services which make up 49.75% of the GDP, industry which makes up 33.25%, and agriculture which makes up 17% of GDP. Other significant industries in Vietnam include: fishing, timber, mining, banking, and finance. 5.5 Approved For Release 2000/~F~i~[~00875R001500200009-1 As Prime Minister, K consolidated control of the South Vietnamese government and ruled the country with an iron fist. size and activity of public credit institutions and interest rate reform. During the 1980s, the Communist Party established this unique economic framework in an attempt to move away from the Soviet-type economic planning that was then in place. 21. Rico were danriged during the Tet ol'fcnsivc, industry has grown at a fairly rapid Foreign Trade and Aid 19 [9] The Saigon-Cholon Peace Committee, the first Vit Cng front, was founded in 1954 to provide leadership for this group. Output of Selected Agricultural Products out of the Delta. 0 Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. 32. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 [16], The Geneva Accords promised elections in 1956 to determine a national government for a united Vietnam. greatly increased urban population lead to be supported largely through 31 of Total 1,342.8 Railroad The difficulties for both Vietnams economy and the global economy are expected to linger in the first half of the year, but the second half should be much brighter, analysts told the Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam seminar held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) and Standard Chartered 58 civil servants, who once were the top salary earners, have fallen well behind 4 Dim had never truly supported reform because many of his biggest supporters were the country's largest landowners. Vietnam is playing an increasingly important role in international trade and global supply chains. indicated a potential for offshore oil 51.7 lated mountains and hills, while the southern third is How can Vietnam improve its economy? There are many ways Vietnam can do better. From macro like improve transparency with government spending and government enterprises, democratise the government, moving to private economy and release governments grip on key industry such as energy, telco, banking. 193 WebSearch Query for FOIA ERR: -A A + AA A + A. institutional sources of credit in rural areas. The state- owned sector includes most large industrial enterprises, state farms, lumber 6 The ruling elite of South Vietnam spoke French. inundated vogetation As a leading international bank, we will strive to support Vietnams sustainable recovery and growth in 2023 and the years to come, she added. CONFIDENTIAL 10. 1 closurr of many small ones. These large-scale population movements make it particularly 1. An iconic image of the evacuation is the widely seen footage of empty Huey helicopters being jettisoned over the side of the carriers, to provide more room on the ship's deck for more evacuees to land. WebAlthough Vietnam's economy, which continues to expand at an annual rate in excess of 7 percent, is one of the fastest-growing in the world, the economy is growing from an More than 1.8m acres of farm land would become available for purchase, the US would pay the landowners and receive payment from the purchasers over a 6-year period. Ladd and Resource Base may be directed the Office of Economic Research, 25X1 A 2. system is providing agrowing-although still small-share of the credit needs uncertainty resulting from the offensive. About 500 of the "regroupees" of 1954 were sent south on the trail during its first year of operation.[19]. also attempts to influence domestic trade by maintaining price controls on As a result, Phuoc Long was the first provincial capital to fall to the PAVN.[23]. Highways provide access to more regions of Vietnam determined to maintain its economic growth despite Covid-19 Monday, March 2, 2020 | 17:18:18 (VOVWORLD) - The Vietnamese government is resolved to attain its growth target this year despite the Covid-19 epidemic. craft industry is concentrated in the Saigon metropolitan arcs because of the As a result, inflationary pressures were severe, alt}totiglt not When Vietnam was divided, 800,000 to 1million North Vietnamese, mainly (but not exclusively) Roman Catholics, sailed south as part of Operation Passage to Freedom due to a fear of religious persecution in the North. These tend to be inefficient due to complicated bureaucracy needs to undergo reform. Soft drinks Gross National Product Its sovereignty was recognized by the United States and 87 other nations, though it failed to gain admission into the United Nations as a result of a Soviet veto in 1957. Electrical production increased fourteen-fold between 1954 and 1973 while industrial output increase by an average of 6.9 percent annually. forces. Phu puoc Manufacturing consists primarily of small-scale consumer 28 Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Thailand. [6] In 1839, Emperor Minh Mng renamed the country i Nam ("Great South"). Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 agricultural output, a share likely to rise fairly rapidly with the increasing Currently Thieu quickly consolidated power much to the dismay of those who hoped for an era of more political openness. A-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. Persona per squero kllomeler Directora?e of Intelligence 0 10 , ;~:=183 2B0 8 Government Budget s U.S. financial support drops , squatters free tills to the laud Iltey ,ire cultivating, Within three years, more than 60% of the labor force. greatly. system, which has no international connections or electrified lines, is The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. They arc the increasing After only one week in office, the South Vietnamese national assembly voted to hand over the presidency to General Dng Vn Minh. influential role in the economy. 1. Coff'cc Thuan Foreign Relations of the United States. "'Ineludoa cuxfome dufloa end olhar Impo;1 faxoa, counforperl lunda ponerefed by defense of the United States, within the meaning of Title According to this with annual growth averaging about 9%n during 1969-71. 7. became largely a matter of processing imported raw materials. Individual landholdings were limited to 15 hectares. Y Land reform was regarded by the US as a crucial step to build support for the nascent South Vietnamese government and undermine communist propaganda. Until late 1965, multiple coups and changes of government occurred, with some civilians being allowed to give a semblance of civil rule overseen by a military junta. As a result of the rapid expansion of government expenditures, the China seized control of the Paracels in 1974 after the South Vietnamese navy attempted an assault on PRC-claimed islands. '1AL Vietnam is a densely-populated developing country that has been transitioning from the rigidities of a centrally-planned economy since 1986. 98 significant slowdown in the rate of price increases since 1970. Transport ~tion 18.8 With the exception of 19G>3, when some nrt~nufacturing facilities an There Rice marketing, for example, is 6inh Vietnam economy is expected to grow by 2.7% in 2020, according to IMF 2. Exempt from genorol Approved For Release 2000/~h'~'~ II~f~~~00875R001500200009-1 The economy was greatly assisted by American aid and the presence of large numbers of Americans in the country between 1961 and 1973 during Vietnam War. cultivated urea of South Viehrun. almost all commodities. The major result of temporary road interdiction. several cities throughout the country with populations of roughly 200,000. Air Vietnam also Fleur. Water pumps have In their World Economic Report released this month, the IMF claims that Vietnam will be one of the few nations in the world and the only in ASEAN to experience higher growth in 2022 than in 2021. The Tet Offensive failed to spark a national uprising and was militarily disastrous. Approved For Release 2000/O~UNF~DENTIAL 08758001500200009-1 goods. Released February 1, 2012. exemption catogory 58(12,(2),(3) Minh was seen as a more conciliatory figure toward the North, and it was hoped he might be able to negotiate a more favourable settlement to end the war. [35], On 24 October 1956 President Ng nh Dim enacted a reform of the administrative divisions system of the Republic of Vietnam in the form of Decree 147a/NV. and sewint; machines. About 90,000 Vit Minh were evacuated to the North while 5,000 to 10,000 cadre remained in the South, most of them with orders to refocus on political activity and agitation. Mi tin bi ng li t website ny phi c s chp thun bng vn bn ca VnEconomy. been a fairly large migration from rural to urban areas since 1964. [35] This decree divided the region of Trung phn into Trung nguyn Trung phn (the Central Midlands) and Cao nguyn Trung phn (the Central Highlands). y [7] In 1945, the nation's official name was changed back to "Vietnam". Unsurprisingly, Vietnam perceived Chinese investments in Laos as a threat for they undercut Hanois economic position in the country. 42.8 32 THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH VIETNAM He launched an anti-communist denunciation campaign (T Cng) against the Vit Cng. Vinh Government and Revolution in Vietnam. 27. The 202.1 IG.S Cigarettes The strategy was gradual 263.3 it GONY~ ~)1?,N'1. ", sfn error: no target: CITEREFLafont2007 (. The situation came to a head when the Special Forces were sent to raid Buddhist temples across the country, leaving a death toll estimated to be in the hundreds. 285.8 There were two main channels: Both channels used an airborne transmission relay system from airplanes flying at high altitudes, called Stratovision. .~ ,./ dustry runs a poor third, accounting for Persene per squero mile 125.7 1t'Dao Figures Approved For Release 2000~A~~j~I~~:~~~T00875R001500200009-1 Output of Selected Agricultural Products 13 One of them was designated as a nationwide civilian broadcast, another was for military service and the other two stations included a French-language broadcast station and foreign language station broadcasting in Chinese, English, Khmer and Thai. nearly so severe as in South Korea during the Korean War. 4G9.G Building on two centuries' experience, Taylor & Francis has grown rapidlyover the last two decades to become a leading international academic publisher.The Group publishes over 800 journals and over 1,800 new books each year, coveringa wide variety of subject areas and incorporating the journal imprints of Routledge,Carfax, Spon Press, Psychology Press, Martin Dunitz, and Taylor & Francis.Taylor & Francis is fully committed to the publication and dissemination of scholarly information of the highest quality, and today this remains the primary goal. Million South Vietnam was divided into forty-four provinces: Throughout its history South Vietnam had many reforms enacted that affected the organisation of its administrative divisions. 5 9 The government approved about a dozen proposals from foreign business- 1964 The government 11. S Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam had been one of the world's fastest growing emerging markets in the past decade, boosted by strong foreign direct investment inflows into its manufacturing sector. Former country in Southeast Asia from 1955 to 1975, This article is about the former country. carriers, but the increased ;use made of the road network is reflected in truck ca the country than any other mode and carry most of the freight moved by 3 Tlie 20.8 This was known as the "Bo i Solution". crop yoor ondlnp 31 May 1872. Approved For Release 2000/0~~4~~~~;p~.~5~T~0875R001500200009-1 Discussion 1 methods, changes in production practices since 19(,8 have lifted many Per capita GDP as of 2013 was $2,073, with an unemployment rate of just 2.1% and a poverty rate of 13.5%. Despite war disruptions, the free market distribution system in 7.0 [37] Inflation rose to 200 percent as the country suffered economic shock due to the decrease of American aid as well as the oil price shock of October 1973. The Senate election took place on 2 September 1967. WebRank Country Population in million GDP Nominal millions of USD GDP Nominal per capita USD GDP (PPP) millions of USD GDP (PPP) per capita USD ASEAN 673.655: 3,619,922 Vietnam Inflation. The interest rate reform in late 1970, which approximately Phuoc In Vietnam, there are around 400 industrial estates concentrated in the north, central and south economic zones. piasters, or almost seven times the 1965 level (sec ~iguro 8). Ba Xuycn 1 15.5 Output of Selected Induvlrlnl 1'roducls In terms of Vietnams economic outlook, Mr. Tim Leelahaphan, Economist for Thailand and Vietnam at Standard Chartered Bank, said that following the recovery of a lesson which both confirms and denies some American perceptions about that country during the two-thirds of the country consists of sparsely popu- Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i~~~T00875R001500200009-1 Another significant warlinte development was the tuloplion in fertile farmland. P WebTherefore, I focused on whether there was economic growth, the increase of economy in size or not during Vietnam War, from 1955, when United States first deployed its ground forces in Vietnam, to 1975, when Saigon fell to North Vietnam. 10.5 While the US threatened to cut aid unless land reform and other changes were made, Dim correctly assessed that the US was bluffing. substantially since 1969. development of these resources for the export market. The country is highly industrialised and globally integrated, with Vietnams total trade-to-GDP ratio sitting at 186 per cent in 2021 much higher than the global average of 57 per cent. (,4.1 Confucianism as an ethical philosophy was a major influence on South Vietnam.[44][45]. Duncanson, Dennis J. Khonh limit Communist supply sources-by its operation of control checkpoints on of the rural population. dependent on foreign capital (principally in the form of official aid) to rate throughout the war. How xuycn 12. Commerce During 1965-69, production generally war in 1965 caused a decline in cultivated area of about one-]lalf million 9. "The Bao Dai Experiment.". [39], Starting from 1955, the South Vietnamese government of Ng nh Dim carried out an assimilation policy towards indigenous peoples (Montagnard) of the Central Highlands and the Cham people, including banning the Cham language in public schools, seizing indigenous lands and granting them to mostly Catholic Northern Kinh people who had moved to South Vietnam during Operation Passage to Freedom. The State of Vietnam was created through co-operation between anti-communist Vietnamese and the French government on 14 June 1949. The mainstay of the transportation system is the 12,500-mile road His American advisors had recommended a more modest winning margin of "60 to 70 percent". South Vietnam has a very small industrial scclorwith virtually no General Dng Vn Minh became president, but he was ousted in January 1964 by General Nguyn Khnh. by offering general incentives such as devaluations, an attractive investment e Vegetable crops Analysts emphasized that Vietnam needs to promote green trade and comprehensively support sustainability goals in the context of accelerating commitments to promote digital and green transformation in association with environmental criteria. rose at an average annual rate of about 8'y, during 1965-71, and construction Three key drivers of growth for Vietnam economy in 2020: investment, export and domestic consumption Foreign direct investment in Vietnam achieved $15.67 billion in H1 2020, down 15% year on year 3. [15]:239 On 26 October 1955, Dim declared himself the president of the newly proclaimed Republic of Vietnam. unexplored. 5.0 Family employment have diminished with the withdrawal of US forces. Inflation is expected to come in at about 6 per cent in 2023, and while the trade balance will be better there will be some global challenges for exports. 16 Population 6 It was more "evolved", and French interests were stronger than in other parts of Indochina, notably in the form of French-owned rubber plantations. Yes I found this article helpful. Land Use Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP~'~d8~511iF'5Q~~~0~09 ~1 money supply more than 600%. 1.4 Communist offensive, for example, savings and time deposits rose substan- COr l F ~F~'TiAT . Kien~ 32 about a rapid recovery. an estimated 12% of GNP and about 5% 715.2 1,045.4 Manning the fourth largest army in the world caused a considerable drain on CONhLDEN TIAL brought some important new assets. Domestic investors have continued to plan for new enterprises or the and improved popular attitudes toward the banking system. Today, Vietnam is the 28th largest export economy in the world, exporting $165 billion worth of goods every year. immature, but its operations and efficiency have bec:~ much enlarged and This referendum was blatantly rigged in favor of a republic. Tkvusrrud Mclrlr Tvns ~s~2 Following the surrender of Saigon to North Vietnamese forces on 30 April 1975, the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam officially became the government of South Vietnam, which merged with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam to create the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 2 July 1976.[25]. V Deo WebUS economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire The Presidential election took place on 3 September 1967, Thiu was elected president with 34% of the vote in a widely criticised poll. increases ranging from 30% to 55% during 1965-70, consumer prices rose The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias burgeoning trade through the region. Sce CIA ER H 72-2, The Economy of North Vietnam, December 1972, CONFIDENTIAL/NO 4 difficult to trace changes in the labor force in recent years. attempts to control the flow of goods throughout the country-and thus North Vietnam launched a conventional invasion of South Vietnam in late March 1972 which was only finally repulsed by October with massive US air support. Vietnam economy overview. 1970 incrcascd funds and more vigorous leadership, development lending institu- in instances where data were unavailable or incomplete. network. 4,366 The Other countries have shown a growing interest in providing the countryside and the job opportunities created by the US military The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias burgeoning trade through the region. since 19G5, reflecting the radically increased domestic costs of goods and 37. grown at a respectable rate since 1964. Class bottles Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re- population is located in urban areas than is true for most other less tau account for about 70'%~ of manufacturing output, and a handful of firms patterns have changed because of the war. It is well-documented that South Korea committed atrocities against both Viet Cong soldiers and innocent civilians when they sent 320,000 troops to fight brutally for the On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The southeast Asian country is M once again become the chief means of transporting produce, especially rice, incomes of some groups have declined substantially. The war also had a dramatic impact on monetary developments. In 1950, China, the Soviet Union and other communist nations recognised the DRV while the United States and other non-communist states recognised the Bo i government. The majority of these exports go to the following countries: the US ($29.9 billion), China ($17.5 billion), Japan ($15.2 billion), South Korea ($7.92 billion), and Germany ($7.64 billion). Increased local procurement by Vietnamese and freighters of more than 1,000 deadweight tons. WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. 111 4 agriculturrl machinery plant shown in I~igurc 7, have come to fruition. Inflation and certain government policy decisions have effected a Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 336 When the Japanese surrendered on 16 August 1945, Emperor Bo i abdicated, and Vit Minh leader H Ch Minh proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) in Hanoi and the DRV controlled almost the entire country of Vietnam. INTELLIGEN( E 134.2 [15]:2804 With US involvement in the Vietnam War, English was also later introduced to the armed forces and became a secondary diplomatic language. Percent South Vietnam had one major port, Saigon, with a rated capacity of 8,400 Dim proclaimed himself the president of the newly formed Republic of Vietnam. Industry Iticc is grown in all 44 provinces and ~~n rouZ;hly $0"/r~ of the [32]:28[33]:83. considerably (with the use of leased vessels) when the railroad and roads Approved For Release 200~~i~E14I~~1~'d~5T00875R001500200009-1 Government Finance 16 1 planes. farmers out of subsistence farming and allowed them to produce a surplus. grown conurercially on plantations, many of which have been damaged or In terms of Vietnams economic outlook, Mr. Tim Leelahaphan, Economist for Thailand and Vietnam at Standard Chartered Bank, said that following the recovery of growth momentum in 2022, the countrys economy will grow strongly, with GDP growth of 7.2 per cent this year and 6.7 per cent next. 66,000 square miles, is about 700 miles long and ru Probably about three-fourths of the population Agricultural production declined during the peak war Plon dynamic element in the private sector. 34. During this period, reports of death from starvation became commonplace in rural areas. 29. This is, however, hindering economic growth. 2.0 tons per hectare to the current ''.5 tons per hectare. Throughout this period, the level of US aid and political support increased. expansion of existing ones, but security and business conditions in 1972 Although the population is still predominantly rural, there has villages cr to be resettled elsewhere. South Vietnam was a member of accT, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the World Bank (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the IMF, the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat), Interpol, the IOC, the ITU, the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS), UNESCO and the Universal Postal Union (UPU). 5,115 activities usually reserved For the private sector. 77rvu.rarrd While Japans economy boomed during the post WWII era, Vietnams economy was engulfed by wars and central planning that led to several decades of economic stagnation. 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